Undecided Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Uncertain - Research Paper Example Kate Choplin and Henrick Ibsen attempted to portray delicate, brilliant ladies who are not happy with their second jobs in the man's reality. Kate Choplin's women's activist books were overlooked after her passing as they couldn't discover their peruser in her time. Be that as it may, enactment of women's activist development in the second 50% of the twentieth century let the perusers and the pundits rethink her works. Chopin’s writing blessing, her modern way of composing impacted by French authors, and her devotion to social, racial and sex issues were profoundly assessed purchase new age of readership. Besides, her thoughtfulness regarding subtleties turned into a trademark highlight of Choplin's composition. In â€Å"The story of an Hour† Kate Choplin's investigates marriage from a surprising point of view. A young lady is informed that her better half passed on in the railroad catastrophe. Family members and companions attempt to introduce the news in the most fragile manner, anyway the lady goes to her space to be disregarded. Here she understands that demise of her significant other brought her distress as well as startling opportunity and help. Presently she can live for herself and be the main special lady of her body and soul. Choplin delineates the lady who saw marriage without unadulterated love and closeness as commitment. Such demeanor to marriage was run of the mill to the à ©poque however very little consideration was attracted to the passionate and mental condition of ladies in such connections. To stress how much the courageous woman's feelings were stifled Choplin â€Å"kills† her, and clarifies her passing by the feeling of satisfaction. In this manner, the writer was among the principal authors who urged ladies to comprehend their genuine feelings and worth body and soul opportunity most importantly. In her story â€Å"Desiree's Baby† Choplin discusses significantly progressively questionable themes sexual orientation and racial separation. A lovely young lady deserted by her folks is brought up in the place of honorable French Creoles is the chief character of the story. She falls

Cause and Effect Essay Topics for College Students

Cause and Effect Essay Topics for College StudentsThere are many topics that can be used to motivate your students and this article will give you some great ideas on how to present these topics effectively to help them become motivated. This article will also give you some topics that can be used for an AP US History essay. Some of the topics you will find below are worth using for your schoolwork as they are not only good topics to write about, but they are also very popular.You can use topics that relate to the history of a specific time period for your college students to read on. Some topics that you can use for this is World War II and the Holocaust. You can also choose topics that relate to history in general such as the French Revolution or the Civil War in the United States. Whatever you choose you will be able to stimulate interest in your students.If you have prepared some topics then you can bring them out to the school auditorium during your lesson or you can prepare them for distribution to the students one at a time. You can read about your topic and the content of the essay to the class before they go to the room. You can either read to them one at a time or you can read it to the class as a whole. You should make sure that the students in the class can relate to the topic.There are some college students who do not know what topics to write about and what topics to avoid. You should find out why they are choosing not to write about the topics. Write down their reasons why they are avoiding the topic and use these reasons as the basis for your essay.One thing that you can do when you are preparing for your AP US History essay for college students is to ask them if they have some sources with them for their research. You can ask them what information they are using and ask them where they got it from. These may be the more interesting topics to write about as these may be a personal discovery. The students will probably also have some more sources that they can give you for the purpose of your assignment.One thing that you will want to be careful about when you are using topics to help motivate your students is to be careful of which topics to use for your AP US History essay. Remember that you are writing a college course. There are going to be a lot of other students who are applying for the same class so you do not want to be the only one who has chosen one topic to use. Just make sure that the topics that you use are ones that will really get your students excited.After you have the subjects for your college students, you should look into what topics your teacher will prefer. There are some teachers who may choose to use the topics that are related to the course in question. Others will use topics that are related to their own experiences. Make sure that you consider the teacher's suggestions so that you can help your students the best that you can.

Russia and the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay - 939 Words

Russia, The Cuban Missile Crisis During the end of World War II, a political struggle existed between the Western World, North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies, and the Eastern Bloc. Lasting until 1991, this struggle was better known as the Cold War. At the helm of these sides was the United States of America and the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics or better known as the Soviet Union. Both of these nations were constantly competing amongst each other in order to demonstrate their superiority of their politico-economic system. This was also done through proxy conflicts such as political, development aid, and military just to name a few. Their focus went towards post World War II European nations in trying to win over these†¦show more content†¦Several medium range ballistic missiles (MRBM’s) were placed in Cuban territory. The exact amount came to approximately thirty six to forty two medium SS-4’s. Of those missiles, only six of them were decoys in an attempt to deceive for a potential attack towards the United States. Ranging 1,266 miles, these missiles had the capability of reaching major cities like New Orleans, Washington D.C and even Miami. Just one of the warheads had an explosive capacity of about one megaton which is the equivalent to one million tons of explosive. This yielded with over sixty times as much destructive force to the atomic bomb that was dropped in Hiroshima, Japan. That was simply 16,000 kilotons equaling 16,000 tons of explosive. Along the Cuban coast, the Soviets placed around 80 variant missiles evenly among four missile batteries. Many of the warheads for these missiles were delivered to Cuba by the beginning of the Missile Crisis back in 1962. They were to be used in case of a counter against an American invasion of Cuba The Cuban Missile Crisis was a thirteen-day confrontation from October 15 to October 28, 1962. During this time there was conflict was between the United States and the Soviet Union over the positioning of nuclear missiles in Cuba. During 1962 on the island of Cuba, the Soviet Union secretly placed nuclear-tipped missiles. After evidence of a U-2 spy plane showing the discovery of Soviet nuclear tipped missiles, President Kennedy was not willingShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Cuban Missile Crisis756 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis Between 1959 and 1962 relations between USA and Cuba deteriorated. Up until 1959, America had kept General Batista in power over Cuba and had strong links, especially in trade. Castro’s ascent to power in 1959 triggered the short-term events contributing to the Cuban Missile Crisis. The main cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the cold relationship between the two great superpowers: America and Russia. This hadRead MoreThe Effects of the Cuba Missile Crisis Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of the Cuba Missile Crisis During the Cuba missile crisis near every newspaper and radio station would talk about how the end of the world on the brink of destruction. Because of this many people around this time lived in fear and felt the world was going to end. The effects of the Cuba missile crisis didn’t just affect the two nations its effects also had major effects on the people of these nations, the world, and the countries themselves. These effects only truly made the worldRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis During The Cold War1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1963 in a setting that was the high point of tension in the Cold War. The most significant background cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the underlying cold war ideology of capitalism vs communism. This was dramatically increased by the second key cause, a series of events that quickly built tensions between the super powers from 1959 such as the U2 incident, JFK’s response to the Berlin Wall, and the Bay of Pigs incident. The third cause was the relationshipRead MoreCuban and U.S. Relations Essay example1098 Words   |  5 PagesCuban and U.S. Relations From the time, Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba tensions ran high between the Cuban government and the United States government. Relations between Cuba and the United States grew during Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations. Not as much during the Eisenhower administration as the Kennedy administration did tensions between between the two countries intensify. Kennedy faced many a different situations as President. He faced such situations like the Bay of PigsRead MoreThirteen Days786 Words   |  4 Pagesa historical account of the Cuban Missile Crisis. It is told from the perspective of Robert F. Kennedy, senator and brother to President John F. Kennedy. It is an account of the thirteen days in October of 1962. It lasted from the 16th to the 28th. During this time many crucial events in United States. These thirteen days were the time period in which the fate of the world was decided. The focus of the book was on the decision of both the United States and Russia. The United States had to comeRead MoreThe Significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesspeaking about the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy said, It is insane that two men, sitting on opposite sides of the world, should be able to decide to bring an end to civilization† (â€Å"Nuclear Test Ban Treaty† 1). the Cuban Missile Crisis was a time where these two men, Kennedy and Khrushchev, had the power in their hands to end civilization. In order to understand the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis one must understand, the Cold war drama; the dangerous crisis; and its importanceRead MoreRealist Perpective on the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesThe Realist Perspective on the Cuban Missile Crisis In October of 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union reached a near-nuclear experience when in a short fourteen days; Russia was caught building nuclear missile bases in Cuba. With the Second World War just barely in the past, the United States was still on their toes making sure they were in the clear. When they sent the U-2 spy plane to monitor Cuba they found missile bases that were armed and ready to wipe out the western hemisphereRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Of 19621575 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, Russia or Soviets). During this period of time for both military and political conflict between the two countries, there was a short period of time that not only put these two nations on alert put the rest of the world of a potential nuclear war. This period of time would come to be known as the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, which occurred from 16 to 28 October of that year. This crisis was building up due to the failed op eration of overthrowingRead MoreCuban Missile Impact On The World Of The Cold War902 Words   |  4 PagesCuban Missile War Is Cuban communism the beginning of the Cold War? Could the Cuban Missile Crisis end in the world devastation? According to freedictionary.com, nuclear war is â€Å"war in which nuclear weapons are used by both sides. As generally used, the term assumes major use of nuclear weapons by at least two opposing warring states.† The invasion of Cuba by United States caused by the alliances between Cuba and the Soviet Union brought conflict between those countries. The United State tried toRead MoreCuban-Russian Relations1710 Words   |  7 PagesCuba’s unpredictable shift toward socialism and its growing dependence on the Soviet Union divided both the leadership and the country at large. With a relationship dating back to before Fidel Castro’s installment into power, Russia and Cuba have both played major roles in the development and regression of each other’s economies and societies. The first official diplomatic relationship between the Soviet Union and Cuba began developing during World War II, in 1943. With the establishment of the

First Fight The Birth Of The Army - 1665 Words

FIRST TO FIGHT: THE BIRTH OF THE ARMY USAACE NCOA SSG Bryan J. Lowney 15Z SLC 17-003 SFC Maradol Americans have had a sense of freedom and independence since before there was a United States of America. Americans have always believed in their way of life; they have been fighting for their way of life since before their country existed. The battles of Lexington and Concord happened during April of 1775. These military engagements were accomplished by the Massachusetts State militia; led, equipped, armed, paid for and supported by the colony from which it was raised (Maass, n.d.). The Continental Congress, comprised of delegates from the thirteen original colonies, saw a need for a national army in their hope for†¦show more content†¦The year 1775 was the year that the world would change; hostilities within the American colonies would boil over into an all-out war. The year 1775 was the year that an Army was born in order to protect a uniquely American way of life. On April 18, 1775, an American rebel leader named Joseph Warren learned that a British Army unit occupy ing Boston would deploy from the city into the countryside. The British mission was to confiscate rebel arms and equipment from a nearby town called Concord within the same colony of Massachusetts. Warren dispatched two men during the middle of that night, Paul Revere and William Dawes, to alert the militiamen in Concord â€Å"the British were coming†. On the morning of April 19, 1775, about 700 British troops arrived in the town of Lexington from Boston on their march to Concord; seventy-seven American militiamen met them on the town’s green. A British Army officer yelled to the militiamen to â€Å"Throw down your arms! Ye villains, ye rebels!† (Fighting Breaks Out, n.d.). An officer within the militia ranks gave the order for the militia to disperse. A single musket shot rang out from an unknown source shortly after the militia began to leave the field. The British unit then fired several volleys at the American militiamen. Eight American militiamen we re dead, and nine lay wounded when the engagement was over. The British suffered oneShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of A Greek Poet1076 Words   |  5 PagesSimonides of Ceos, a Greek poet, wrote an epitaph to commemorate the three hundred Spartans’ brave sacrifice against the massive Persian Army. The Greek epitaph translates to â€Å"Go tell the Spartans passerby, that here, by Spartan law, we lie.† The three hundred Spartans died obeying their country’s law, â€Å"Never to flee in battle, however many the enemy may be, but to remain in the ranks and to conquer or die.† This law is the epitome of a warrior society that the Spartans wanted to create. At theRead MoreEssay about The Importance of the Army in Spartan Society.785 Words   |  4 PagesThe importance of the army in Spartan society: The entire Spartan society revolved around the army, essentially making it the key aspect of Spartan life and culture. The army influenced areas such as education and social structure as well as being the most important defence of Sparta in both combat and reputation. After an embarrassing defeat at the battle of Hysiai Sparta went through great military change, these changes dramatically changed all other areas of Spartan life, turning Sparta intoRead MoreThe Importance of Honor and Virtue Essay example914 Words   |  4 Pagesprestige within his army. The more ridicule and public humiliation that is done to your enemy shows everyone else what kind of warrior you are. A great, fierce and most of all honored warrior. A warrior without honor does not have meaning in his life. Honor is more important than life itself. Akhilleus is considered to be the best warrior by far any other such as Hector. Akhilleus has all the characteristics of a great warrior, and proves that he is in the Achaean army, but he has characterRead MoreThe Battle Of The Alamo1634 Words   |  7 Pagesin not only the Texas Revolution, but American and Mexican history as well. The battle of the Alamo started in February of 1836 and ended in March of 1836, lasting less than two weeks’ total. The battle was between the Mexican army and the rebelling Texans. The Mexican army was led by the Mexican President and General, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, while the rebelling Texans were led by Lt. Colonel William Travis, Jim Bowie, and David Crockett. The battle of the Alamo happened to be one of the mostRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1693 Words   |  7 Pagesvictories made, Americans might try to process the question of who won the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War never had a declared victor. America got involved in the Vietn am War during the year of 1965. The United States first became involved in the war by financially supporting France in the first Indochina War. After that, Vietnam was separated from France’s control. South Vietnam and France were America’s allies. President Kennedy sent roughly 2,000 military advisors to South Vietnam for support. Soon,Read MoreDeclaration Of Independence : Slaves, Women And Native Indians1062 Words   |  5 PagesEssay: Option 1 Declaration of Independence: Slaves, Women and Native Indians On July 4,1776 Second Continental Congress adopted a statement to fight against the unfair British Monarchy and promote the People’s Law and Republicanism by forming their own country. This statement is called â€Å"Declaration of Independence†. It was originally composed by Thomas Jefferson and later updated by the Congress.The declaration explains the reasons for thirteen states to seek republicanism and be independentRead MoreThe Napoleonic Era Has Remain Fundamentally Relevant Today987 Words   |  4 PagesNapoleons staff and learned a lot from failure as well as success. During my paper I will discuss three main points that represent a few of Napoleons contributes to the current military. The first point will be the change from dynastic armies to ideological nationalism. This change was valuable because the army called for volunteers and most of the population supported the revolution.2 The second point will be Napoleons ability to master maneuver wafare. Claus ewitz and Jomini were two military scholarsRead MoreThe Movie Spartacus 987 Words   |  4 Pages here we are. His name is Spartacus and this is his story. Spartacus was born 109 BC in Thrace, Southeast Europe. Old right? I know that’s what I thought when I found that out. Spartacus lived during the first century BCE, cool right? He was a Thracian by birth and was enslaved by the Roman army. Spartacus had no siblings. He did have a wife though, but her name is unknown. He might have a son since he had a wife, but there is no documented proof that he did. Plutarch, by what they have found, isRead MoreThe Long Shadow Of Lincoln s Gettysburg Address1137 Words   |  5 Pagesits civil war, it was one of the bloodiest wars and constitutional and political crisis, â€Å" As many as 51,000 were dead, wounded, or missing after the bloodiest single battle in all of the United States history† (GETTYSBURG 9). After the decades of fights over slavery the United States was brought in to a war. The people saw Lincoln’s election as a â€Å"mortal threat to slavery, an institution central to their economy and way of life† (GETTYSBURG 9). They thought that Lincoln would change their way ofRead MoreAlexander the Great is known as one of the most significant and most influential historical figures1000 Words   |  4 Pagesof Macedon at the time, his mother was Phillip II’s fourth wife, Olympias. Phillip II did have seven or eight wives; Olympias was known to be the one that stayed around for the longest as she did give birth to Alexander. There are many legends that in fact surround Alexander’s childhood and birth. According to an ancient Greek philosopher â€Å"Plutarch†, Olympias on the eve of her marriage her womb was struck by a thunderbolt. This caused a flame to spread far into the vastness of Greece and beyond

Management Theory and Practice for Theory- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theManagement Theory and Practicefor Agency Theory. Answer: Introduction Various factors determine the success of an organisation. Organisational theories help organisations to identify the problems and introduce patterns and structures that maximise the efficiency of problem-solving techniques and increases productivity. This report critically analyses the various theories of organisational action and discusses the possibility of combining the theories as one universal theory. Critical Analysis of Agency and Determinist Theories in Organisational action Agency Theory Agency theory describes the management of relationships between the people who are setting the work and the people who are doing the work. When an individual hires someone to do a work, he creates a relationship with the person hired (Ashkanasy Humphrey, 2011). The individual hires when he or she is unable to do the work or is not willing to do it. This theory refers the hiring party as the principal and the hired party as the agent. In the corporate sector, the shareholders are the principal who transfers the job to the management to do the duties on their behalf. These management people are the agents of the shareholders. This theory states that every individual be the principal or the agent is motivated to work to fulfil its self-interests. This is the main drawback of the theory. If both the parties work for their self-interest then the motivation of agents will inevitably conflict with the goal set by the principal. Principals expect agents to fulfil the goals set by them and w ork solely for the interest of the goal (Bergeron et al. 2013). Agency Loss is the standard for measuring the difference between the expected results of the goal set by the principal and the actual outcomes, which the agents bring by their course of action. Agency loss becomes highest when the agent does not do anything to fulfil the goal but work only for fulfilling its self-interests. Both the parties are responsible for minimising the agency loss. Principal and agent can minimise the agency loss by sharing common interests. The principal can reduce agency loss by understanding the consequences of the agent's action. The main challenge of this theory is to set a standard for agents' actions in corporate level so that the agents work for the goal of the principal by setting aside their self-interest (Berry, Carpenter Barratt, 2012). In Agency relationships, the agents should have moral responsibilities for their action and simply cannot deny them because they act as agents for their principals. Examples of agency relationships in finance includ e Investment bankers who act as agents for their principals or the clients and the financial advisors who act as agents for their clients or principals. Agency theory is a controversial theory though it has immense importance. Williamson in 1985 identified that certain individuals exhibited opportunistic behaviour and not the entire mass. Hence, he suggested organisations develop methods for screening the trustworthiness of the employees (Sevenpillarsinstitute.org, 2017). Hill in 1990 stated that even in a situation where everyone is inclined to behave opportunistically, there would be individuals who will never break trust and work with co-operation. Donaldson in 1990 criticised this theory as less developed and an oversimplifying methodology. He stated that this theory disregards other research works and it has a very narrow definition of work motivation (Sevenpillarsinstitute.org, 2017). According to him, it has dominance in organisational economics and corporate governance defensiveness. He observed that organisations disregarded the traditional organisational theories and regarding behaviour and trustworthiness and worked on dev eloping assumptions. Views are different for the supporters of this theory. For example, Podrug in 2010 stated that controlling individual behaviour leads to stronger opportunistic behaviour, reduces trustworthiness and finally results in distrust. Tipuric in 2008 supported this theory stating that the intentions of agents are clear when the principal and the agents have common interests (Sevenpillarsinstitute.org, 2017). Population Ecology This theory has faced many criticisms. Young in 1988 and Donaldson in 1995 stated that this theory is ambiguous and lacks a general agreement on the definitions of the key constructs. Young stated that the niches, inertia or rates of environmental change are hard to understand and describe. As there is a lacking of the precise definition of the construct, common conceptualization across the field is difficult and it is not feasible to generalise different contexts (Chiang Hsieh, 2012). On the other hand, Singh and Lumsden in 1990 stated that the criticism of the lack of discipline-wide definition is not useful because according to them these constructs are used in other disciplines and does not have a workable definition in those fields also (Freepatentsonline.com, 2017). There are also issues with the application and methodology of this theory. The theory can be classified into two main types based on the method of population classification. One classification is of Hannan and Free man. According to them as organisations are not alike hence, researchers need to define organisational forms according to the research problem. McKelvey stated that each organisation and population should have different scientific classifications. The theory faces criticism on the demography of the organisations that the researchers examine (Chun et al. 2013). Astley and Van de Ven in 1983 and Perrow in 1986 stated that the theory only deals with smaller organisations because bigger organisations are immune to a selection process. On the other hand, many theorists considered this criticism as narrow. Caroll in 1984 and Barnett in 1990 stated that researchers have also examined big and powerful organisations for its size dependence, domination in technological systems and size-based segmentation of population. Van Witteloostuijn in 2000 stated that this theory lacks detailed investigation because there is focus on large-scale quantitative studies. Delacroix and Caroll in 1983 stated that organisational funding studies of this theory are limited because they do not consider unsuccessful findings. Astley and Van De Ven in 1983 stated that this theory is too much deterministic (Freepatentsonline.com, 2017). Structural Contingency Theory This theory states that one structure does not fit all organisations. The structure that fits certain contingencies are the most effective structures (Colquitt, Lepine Wesson, 2011). Galunic and Eisenhardt in 1994 stated that this theory is static and cannot deal with changes in the organisation. On the other hand, Parsons in 1961 stated that this theory is based on a functionalist tradition of social science and considers organisations fit to adapt to changing environments (Freepatentsonline.com, 2017). According to Hamilton and Shergill an organisation in fit is highly productive which leads to its expansion of size. Chandler, on the other hand, stated that this expansion causes a change in contingencies, which is a misfit in existing structure and hence leads to low performance. SARFIT is a process depicted in the main theory of structural contingency, which denotes structural adaptation to regain fit. There is a contrast between the main structural theory and SARFIT. The structu ral theory is an equilibrium theory in which organisations are depicted as attaining fit and then in equilibrium. SARFIT on the other hand considers organisations as temporarily fit until there is a surplus of contingencies caused by its expansion. Critics of this theory argue that it is not a good suggestion for the organisations to change according to the change in contingencies because the contingencies itself change to fit with the organisation (De Wit, Greer Jehn, 2012). Institutional Theory This theory provides a rich and complex view of organisations. It studies the internal and external factors affecting organisations. This theory is a rewarding theory for an organisation because it gives much more importance to the stakeholders for deciding the legitimacy of an organisation, unlike other theories (DuBrin, 2013). This theory is considered as the best-fit approach. Rowan examined that this theory and found out that an organisation is steady and long lasting when there is co-operation in its environment. Tolbert and Zucker also supported this theory that organisations under pressure adopt changes quickly. Di Maggio and Powell stated that the institutional pressures increase the homogeneity of organisational structures. Resource Dependency Theory This theory describes the organisational terms with respect to those resources that the organisations need to survive. It is a useful theory for describing the differences of power across organisations and the choice of strategies (Eatough et al. 2011). According to some theorists, this theory is the main reason why some nonprofit organisations have commercialised more. Hillman et al. (2009), Davis and Cobb (2010), Drees Heugens (2013), Sharif Yeoh (2014) have discussed the importance of this theory in influencing organisational behaviour through alliances, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions (Hrmguide.co.uk, 2017). The theory has received many criticisms. Donaldson in 1995 stated that as the theory focuses on the relevance of power structures it neglected economics and efficiency factors that influence organisational behaviour. Tolbert in 1985 stated that the objection that this theory receives because of its concentration of material resources is not wholly true. Johnson in 1995 stated that the theory can be extended to include symbolic resources. Clegg in 1998 stated that the theory is wrong based on a narrow concept of power controlling objective resources. The major drawback of this theory is that it fail to regard the role of cultural, ideological and institutional forces in organisational behaviour (Fishbein Ajzen, 2011). Probability of Reconciliation of Organisational Theories as one Universal Theory Every organisational theory has its own advantages and disadvantages. Organisations cannot ignore any of the theories totally. A combination of all the above theories will help organisations to increase effectively their productivity (Fisher To, 2012). The operations of nearly all organisations are same. However, they differ in size and function but they follow the basic structure of operating through the division of labour, a decision-making structure and rules and policies (Locke, 2011). The Population Ecology theory classifies organisations according to the common characteristics and behaviours. This theory helps to identify what kind of organisational strategies are required for a particular type of organisation population. Here comes the importance of the resource dependency theory (Miner, 2015). According to this theory, the organisations need external resources that are resources from other organisations to survive. It emphasises that organisations are interdependent. The institutional theory focuses on implementing the strategies of competitors for becoming legitimate to stakeholders. The Contingency theory describes the strategies that are fit for particular organisations. The global theory can be a combination of all these theories for organisational behaviour (Moore et al. 2012). This theory can identify the strategies followed by parallel organisations through population ecology followed by resource dependency for identifying the companies for working in th e joint venture for production improvement. Then the organisations can implement institutional theory for implementing the strategies identified from the previous theories and then can implement strategies that are relevant to that particular organisation and are identified from contingency theory (Umphress, Bingham Mitchell, 2010). Hence, organisations combine all the organisational theories into one universal approach for better functioning and increasing the productivity of an organisation (Walumbwa, Hartnell Oke, 2010). Conclusion Organisational behaviour is the key to success of any organisation. Hence managers need to understand that individual needs and expectations and organisational goals and expectations are interrelated. Good leadership skills along with the knowledge of strategies for developing a group will help perform an individual in the group at its peak level. Managers can avoid problems like social loafing and groupthink by resolving issues related to the team member differences and giving a clear guideline of roles and responsibilities, company expectancy and motivating the employees through constructive feedback and rewards. References Ashkanasy, N. M., Humphrey, R. H. (2011). Current emotion research in organizational behavior.Emotion Review,3(2), 214-224. Bergeron, D. M., Shipp, A. J., Rosen, B., Furst, S. A. (2013). Organizational citizenship behavior and career outcomes: The cost of being a good citizen.Journal of Management,39(4), 958-984. Berry, C. M., Carpenter, N. C., Barratt, C. L. (2012). Do other-reports of counterproductive work behavior provide an incremental contribution over self-reports? A meta-analytic comparison. Chiang, C. F., Hsieh, T. S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), 180-190.Elangovan, A. R., Pinder, C. C., McLean, M. (2010). Callings and organizational behavior.Journal of Vocational Behavior,76(3), 428-440. Chun, J. S., Shin, Y., Choi, J. N., Kim, M. S. (2013). How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Management,39(4), 853-877. Colquitt, J., Lepine, J. A., Wesson, M. J. (2011).Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace. McGraw-Hill Irwin. De Wit, F. R., Greer, L. L., Jehn, K. A. (2012). The paradox of intragroup conflict: a meta-analysis. DuBrin, A. J. (2013).Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Eatough, E. M., Chang, C. H., Miloslavic, S. A., Johnson, R. E. (2011). Relationships of role stressors with organizational citizenship behavior: a meta-analysis. Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I. (2011).Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. Taylor Francis. Fisher, C. D., To, M. L. (2012). Using experience sampling methodology in organizational behavior.Journal of Organizational Behavior,33(7), 865-877. Freepatentsonline.com. (2017). FPO IP Research Communities. [online] Available at: https://www.freepatentsonline.com [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Hrmguide.co.uk. (2017). UK Human Resource Management Articles. [online] Available at: https://www.hrmguide.co.uk [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Locke, E. (Ed.). (2011).Handbook of principles of organizational behavior: Indispensable knowledge for evidence-based management. John Wiley Sons. Luthans, F. (2010).Organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Miner, J. B. (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Moore, C., Detert, J. R., Klebe Trevio, L., Baker, V. L., Mayer, D. M. (2012). Why employees do bad things: Moral disengagement and unethical organizational behavior.Personnel Psychology,65(1), 1-48. Sevenpillarsinstitute.org. (2017). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://sevenpillarsinstitute.org [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Umphress, E. E., Bingham, J. B., Mitchell, M. S. (2010). Unethical behavior in the name of the company: the moderating effect of organizational identification and positive reciprocity beliefs on unethical pro-organizational behavior.Journal of Applied Psychology,95(4), 769. Walumbwa, F. O., Hartnell, C. A., Oke, A. (2010). Servant leadership, procedural justice climate, service climate, employee attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior: a cross-level investigation.Journal of Applied Psychology,95(3), 517.

Sadhu Case free essay sample

AUTHOR Self oriented, but provided limited help for Sadhu His drive for achievement drove him away from the moral obligations Influenced by lack of group organization, leadership and incentive Influenced by both lack of knowledge of Hindu traditions Lack of Sherpa’s incentive AUTHORS FRIEND STEVEN Provided partial help for the Sadhu, but could not do more as he lacked capability and support to arrange further treatment for him He felt compassion influenced by his religious views Influenced by both lack of knowledge of Hindu traditions Lack of Sherpa’s incentive SWISS TEAM Provided some clothes for Sadhu and then continued their travel Influenced by limited moral concern and lack of group incentive Influenced by both lack of knowledge of Hindu traditions Lack of Sherpa’s incentive NEW ZEALAND TEAM Helped Sahdu to certain extent by taking him bellow snow line Focus on personal goals Influenced by both lack of knowledge of Hindu traditions Lack of Sherpa’s incentive JAPANESE TEAM He refused to provide horse for transportation of Sadhu Provided food and drink Possibly influenced by lack of knowledge of Hindu traditions Limited feeling for moral obligation or cultural beliefs 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Sadhu Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What should be our role in helping others-in business and in our personal life? First of all our role is to follow personal and group ethical norms and help others as much as we can Second of all, if there is no group norms, we should take incentive We should provide help if it is needed and desired (case of Sadhu shows that help might have been undesired as freezing to death is part of the ritual) 4. Is there a collective or institutional ethic that differs from the ethics of the individual? Ethics of individuals is based on personal beliefs and convictions On the other hand, Corporate ethics are above personal and serve the purpose of driving behavior of individuals within the corporation regardless of their own beliefs or supporting them to perform socially responsible behavior, rather then leaving them to perform such behavior on their own 5. What would you have done if you were in the authors position? Why? As a group we agreed that we would have tried to influence other individuals that were present to provide joint effort to save Sadhu. If this effort would fail, it is very likely that we would have joined forces with Stephen in order to do what is possible at that moment Lastly, we provided this answer from the meeting room, thus we can say that same factors could influence us in real life situation such as one in the case

Essay Sample on Urban Grooves and Their Appreciation

Essay Sample on Urban Grooves and Their Appreciation Some say its rubbish and it wont get anywhere, others say its the new thing and the future, but judging by the recent events in it has urban grooves music reached the point of appreciation from the renowned musicians. Zimbabwe will one day stand up and applaud the fathers of the true Zimbabwean music. It is not long ago that the older and more experienced musicians where the ones at the forefront of scoffing at the urban grooves campaign that saw most of the young artists being castigated for their different ways of making new contemporary music. Oliver Mtukudzi was one of them and he always castigated the way the music of these youngsters was being done. Veteran Thomas Mapfumo has also been known to echo the same sentiments about this new genre of music. But in an about turn Mtukudzi has recorded a song with urban groover XQ whilst last year Macheso did the same with Mudiwa. Can this be the point of realisation and appreciation of urban grooves music from the seasoned musicians? Looking back at the beginning of the music industry in Zimbabwe, one can only applause the distance which these young musicians have come so far. The biggest criticisms being that they were performing with soundtrack CDs and were perceived as not being serious about music. To the renowned artists this one man show type of music meant no creativity at all. Even the audiences used to scoff at seeing an urban groover alone on stage with just a sound track in the back and lip singing. To a certain extend this criticism helped in sprucing up the act of these young artist as most are now turning to live instruments and even if they play backtracks, they now have dancers to entertain their audiences. Listening to the latest XQ album one gets to appreciate the depth of the urban groove artist who has come of age but it is only after listening to the song Pane Rudo that a familiar voice of Mtukudzi assures you that truly the young man has come of age. Now that older artists are teaming up with these young artists a point of appreciation has now been realised and finally heavens doors seem to have opened for urban grooves. We asked the artists what really is urban music is and the answer was one that was delivered with astute confidence by Stunner. This is a new type of music mostly spearheaded by youngsters in urban centers hence the name urban grooves. He went on to say that this is todays music, here to stay and going to be music for tomorrow. â€Å"Off course our elders in the music industry always try to do us down but the real factor is that our music is here to stay. Can you imagine Museve making it in the few years to come,† echoed Leonard Mapfumo another urban groover. He went on to say that this was not only in Zimbabwe but also in countries like Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria and Zambia where this music is called Urban Mondo. As stated by the website wikipedia.org this genre of music in Zimbabwe closely resembles American Rap, Hip Hop, RnB, Soul and other international music genres. The site goes on to say that this imitation of the West has resulted in Urban Grooves being unpopular with older listeners and artists who accuse the younger generation of shunning their cultural music and identity. Mapfumo had this to say again, We grew being made to listen to guys like Lionel Ritchie, Dolly parton and all those American and European artists by our parents. Later on we chose to have our own taste in music and hence we started liking urban American music because we had been exposed to such foreign music from young age. Now that we are doing it using local languages people see it wrong. Urban grooves is here to stay. Talking to another urban groover, Mudiwa, who recorded with Macheso last year he said its also a marvel for the youngsters to be able to record with big and established artists. My titles on my songs are all inspired by Macheso. I take his Shona titles for his albums and songs and I put them into English with his full support, he said. He went on to say that this means that urban music is now growing interest from adults. On my new album Macheso is going to be there as well. In actual fact he is my mentor, said Mudiwa. Tendai Chidarikire popularly as Sasamania says that it is unfair to box up these musicians and call them strictly urban groovers as this tends to make their music autonomous. â€Å"The moment you box an artist and label them a Museve artist or urban groover then there is no room for diversity. Look at R Kelly. He can sing in almost all genres be it RB, soul or hip-hop said Chidarikire. Some of us have been boxed for sure but then there are same of us who opt to go out of the box and then come back said Stunner Has urban grooves music now reached Heaven’s doors? Has it finally now achieved the so much needed recognition synonymous to the genres like Sungura, Contemporary and Ethnic in Zimbabwe? The answer lies only in the appreciation this music is going to get from the listeners as well as its appreciation from seasoned musicians.